Coke-oven.



- PATBNTBD JULY 14, 1903. -G. S. RAMSAY. CUKE OVEN.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 31, 1902.

v a sums-snm 1.

- attentati! N0 MODEL.

@JOM/mfc o a c o No. 733,872. I PATENTED JULY 14, 1903. G. S'. RAMSAY.

COKE OVEN.

APrLmATroN funn nu, s1, 1902. No MODEL. -s SHEETS-SHEET a.

, I i m\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Y\\\\\\\\\\\\ Q 1 W W\ Il mg@ witwassenL PATENTED JULY 1.4.,l 1903.

G. s. RAMSAY. COKE ovN. APPLICATION 'FILED HAY 31, 1902.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3` N0 MODEL.

Gearge'. my@ @14mm/woz,

no. respira.

UNITED STATES rammed July '14, 190s.

PATENT OFFICE.

COKE-OVEN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N o. 733,872, dated-July14, 1903.

Application filed May 31, 1902. `Serial No. 109,754. (No model.)

T0 a/ZZ whom t may concern:

Beit known that I, GEORGE SHARPE RAM- sAY, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at St. Marys, in the county of Elk and State ofPennsylvania, have'invented a new and useful Coke-Oven, of which thefollowing is a specification.

This invention relates to coke-ovens, and particularly to the beehivetype of oven, and has for its object to provide for coking a maximumamount of coal in a minimum of time, toobviate the production of a blackspongy coke at the bottom of the oven, and to produce a hard-bodied cokewith a fullydeveloped cellular structure which is substantially uniformthroughout the entire mass of coke.

Prior to drawing coke from the oven it is cooled by being sprayed withwater, whereby in the ordinary beehive form of oven the iioor is alsocooled, and when the ovenis recharged,

the temperature of ,the door being low, the coal does not igniteuniformly throughout the mass for the reason that as the top of thecharge is the hottest the coal burns down-l wardly from the top of themass, thereby resulting in an uneven development of the cellularstructure and producing a black spongy coke at the bottom of the oven.In View of this disadVant-ageit is a further object of the presentinvention to obviate cooling of the Hoor by the water employed incooling the coke and to maintain a uniform temperature throughout theoven, so as to hasten the ignition of the coal, todry up the water whichcollects upon the door of the oven, and thereby to obviate the usuallayer of damp black spongy coke at the bottom of the mass.

In carrying out the objects just mentioned it is designed to collect thegases and products of combustion within the interior of the oven and to-carry the same back and forth beneath the floor, so as to maintain thelatter in a heated condition. In this connection provision is made toprevent the gases and products of combustion from rentering the oven andmixing with the material therein, as such remixing of the gases with thecoal is detrimental to the best results of the oven. It is furthermoredesigned to give convenient access to the flues or passages for carryingthe gases and products 0f combustion from the iuteriorof the oven tothespace below the door of the oven in order that such iiues or passagesmay be conveniently cleansed, and it is also designed to give access tothe flues or passages beneath the door of the oven, so that saidpassages may be cleansed and also to admit' external air beneath thefloor for the purpose of supplying oxygen to the gases for promotingcombustion thereof beneath the floor of the furnace.

With these and other objects in View the presentinvention consists inthe combination and arrangement of parts, as will be hereinafter morefully described, shown in the accompanying drawings,and particularlypointed out in the appended claims, it being understood that changes inthe form, proportion, size,- and minor details may be made within thescope of the claims without departing from the spirit or sacrificing anyof the advantages of the invention.

In the. drawings, Figure l is a vertical sectional view taken in theplane of the stack or chimney of a coke-oven constructed and arranged inaccordance with the present invention. Fig. 2 is a plan section takenthrough a pair of adjacent ovens in different horizontal planes, one ofthese planes being across the top of the floor of one oven and the otherbeing beneath the floor of the other oven to Vshow the dues or passagesbeneath the door. Fig. 3 is a Vertical sectional view taken on the lineB3 of Fig. 2.

Like characters of reference designate corresponding parts in all of thefigures of the drawings.

For an adequate understanding of the present invention there has beenshown in the accompanying drawings a coke-oven 1, which is preferablycircular in shape,`as shown in Fig. 2, and has a dome-shaped top, as inthe ordinary beehive type of oven. While it is possible to use the ovenssingly, it is preferred to arrange them side by side in close proximityand to Wall up the fronts of the ovens `with masonry 2, there being awall of masonry 3 at each end .of the series of ovens. The spacesintervening between the masonry and the ovens and also between adjacentovens are filled with loam 4., so as to retain the heat within the ovensand to strengthen the entire structure. At the center of the dome ofeach oven there is provided an opening 6, through which coalisintroduced in charging the oven, and a doorway 7 is formed through thefront wall of masonry for convenience in drawing the coke from the oven,this doorway being normally sealed when the oven is in operation.

The oor of the oven consists ot upper and lower layers of tile 8 and 9,with a filling of sand 10 between the two layers of tile, there alsobeing an asbestos lining 11 between the sand and the lower layer oftile. The asbestos is fibrous, and the sand, which is granular, issupported by the asbestos, which prevents the sand from sifting throughthe cracks of the'layers of tile and producing openings. By thisconstruction the gases are effectually prevented from rentering the ovenafter they have passed out of the same. While I prefer asbestos, it willof course be understood that other fireproof material may be employed.

Beneath the tioor of the oven and extending rearwardly is a diametricdischarge-Hue 12, the front end of which opens outwardly through thefront wall of masonry directly below the oven-door and is provided witha damper-door 13 to give access to the flue and also to admit externalair thereto. This main discharge Hue leads rearwardly from the oven andcommunicates with the lower end of a stack or chimney 14, so as to carryolf the smoke and products of combustion. As best indicated in Fig. 2 ofthe drawings, it will be seen that the flue 12 is provided with alongitudinal upstanding partition 15, which extends from the front endof the iiue and terminates short of the rear end thereof, therebydividing the tine into opposite longitudinal sections, both of whichcommunicate with the stack or chimney. It will be noted that thedischarge-tine is disposed diametrically from front to rear of the oven,and the partition 15 is located centrally of the flue, so that thefine-sections lie in the opposite half portions of the space below thetloor of the oven.

In addition to the main discharge-flue there are a plurality of radialues located below the floor of the oven. Each half-section of the spacebelow the ovenfioor is provided with a central radial Hue 16, which isdisposed substantially at right angles to the main ue 12 andcommunicates at its inner end therewith, there being other radial tiues17, preferably two in number, which have their inner ends terminatedshort of the main flue. The central flue 16 is connected with the otherradial fines by transverse passages or fines 18, which intersect theiiues 17 and communicate with the main tine 12. The transverse fines arepreferably disposed in arcs which are substantially concentric withrespect to the vertical axis of the oven in order that there may be noangles to form abrupt shoulders, which might interfere with the freepassage of the gases beneath the Hoor of the oven. The bottom iiuescause the bottom of the oven to be thoroughly subjected to the heatingaction of the gases without retarding the passage of the latter to thestack and without interfering with the draft, the gases being permittedto pass directly from the lower ends of the upright exterior tlues tothe stack at the back of the oven. It will here be noted that the lowerlayer of tile 9 forms the tops of the iiues or passages beneath thefloor of the oven, and the asbestos lining lies upon the top of thislayer of tile, so as to eifectually prevent the gases from risingthrough the oor and entering the interiorof the oven, thereby to preventdeterioration of the coke by a remixing of the gases therewith. This isa veryimportant feature of the present invention, as it is verydetrimental to the best results of the oven to have the gases reenterthe same and mingle with the coke, since it impairs the cellularstructure thereof and materially decreases the hardness of the coke.

To set up a communication between the interior of the oven and the fluesor passages beneath the floor thereof, there is provided a plurality ofupstanding flues 19, preferably four in number, which are located indiametrically opposite pairs, with two iiues at opposite sides of themain horizontal flue. Each of the upstanding ilues is built upon theexterior of the oven and conforms to the curvature of the dome, theupper end portion of the due being curved or bowed inwardly, as at 20,so as to communicate with an opening 21 in the dome, whereby the gaseswithin the oven are adapted to be led outwardly through the severalopenings 21 and thence downwardly through the upstanding iiues 19 andinto communication with the fines beneath the floor of the oven at thepoints of intersection between the outer ends ofthe radial lines 17 andthe outermost transverse flues 1S. The upper end of each flue 19 is openat a point slightly above the opening 21 and is normally closed by meansof a plate or tile 22, removably resting upon the top of the flue andheld in place by the loam packed thereon, it being designed to removethe loam and the plate or tile whenever it is desired to have access tothe interior of the Hue for cleansing the same. i

In operating the present form of oven it is charged with coal introducedthrough the opening 6 in the top of the dome to the level indicated hythe dotted line in each of Figs. l and Sof the drawings and designatedcoallevel, after which the mass is ignited, and as the coal burns thegases and products of combustion pass outwardly through the openings 21,as indicated by the arrows in Figs. 1 and 3, thence downwardly throughthe flues 19, thence into the network of iues beneath the floor, and,finally, out through the main fine 12 to the chimney. By thisarrangement of tiues it will be apparent that the door of the oven ismaintained in a highly-heated condition, whereby the coking of the coalIIO IIS

commences at the bottom as well as at the top and a highly-intensifiedtemperature is maintained throughout the entire interior of the oven andthe primary stages of coking are materially accelerated.

In order that the best results may be attained, ithas been determined byexperiment that the openings 2l, which communicate with the tlues 19,should be located ina plane above the upper level of the coal and at apoint above the door about three-fourths of the distance from the floorto the top of the dome. It is preferred to take the gases from acomparatively loW point rather than from the uppermost extremity of theoven, as the gases in the lower zone are in a better condition to unitewith .oxygen and produce combustion in the iiues beneath the floor ofthe oven, and therefore the peculiar location of the gas-dischargeopenings in the dome of the oven is a very important feature of thepresent device. In connection with the heating of the floor of the ovenit will be noted that the gases are conducted at each halfsection of thespace at two points which are substantially at opposite extremities ot'the space, and from these points the tlues lead both directly andindirectly to themain iiue, whereby the gases are' quickly and evenlydistributed and attack the Hoor of the oven substantially simultaneouslythroughout the entire area thereof and the gases are not held below theoor longer than they are capable of imparting heat thereto.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that it is designedto take the gases from the interior of the oven in a predetermined zoneand to conduct these gases below the door of the oven so as to heat thelatter from beneath, and it is also designed to eectually preventthegases from entering the oven and mixing with the coal and coke.Furthermore, by the provision of the damper-door 13 at the front end ofthe main discharge-due l2 external air may be admitted to the iiuesbeneath the Hoor, so as to supply the desired quantity of loxygen topromote' combustion of the gases. This damper-door is also very usefulto admit large quantities of cold external airinto the lues beneath thefloor of the oven in the inal stages of the coking process to aid incooling the coke prior to drawing the same through the door 7. The draftthrough the tlues may be further controlled by means of a damper 23 inthe chimney or stack.

By having the coking process begin at the bottom of the mass as well asat the top thereof the lower portion ot' the coal becomes coked beforethe upper portion becomes impervious to the volatile mattei'disassociated from the said lower portion,whereby the product ot' theoven has a very low percentage of sulfur, as the latter rises from thebottom of the oven and escapes through the openings 2l Moreover, as thecoal burns with a higher temperature any deposits of carbon-dust or sootare converted into coke and any carbon in the volatile gases will bedeposited in the coke, thereby raising the percentage of fixed carbonand materially reducing the ashes and tine unmarketable coke. Anotherimportant advantage is that after one charge of coke has been withdrawnand the oven recharged the heated bottom of the oven dries up the waterwhichV is collected thereon from the cooling of the .previous charge, sothat when coking commences there is no oceluded water in the coaltolcause eX- pansion of the coal, and thereby the production of a porouscoke. As the oven is thoroughly dried before the coking commences, thereis less waste in discolored sides and black butts where the coal restsagainst the sides and bottom of the oven.

l. A coke-oven provided with bottom tlues and having a iioor providedwith a gas-excluding packing composed ot' fibrous and granular material,the former being adapted to hold the latter, substantially as described.

2. A coke-oven having bottom ues and providedwith a tloor having agas-excluding packing composed of fibrous material and sand supported bythe fibrous material,where bythe sand is prevented from sifting throughthe door, substantially as described.

3. A coke-oven having i'lues located below the iioor thereof and incommunication with the interior of the oven to receive gases andproducts of combustion, tiling covering the upper sides of the lues, apacking of asbestos upon the tiling, a layer ot sand supported by theasbestos, and a layer of tiling upon the sand to form the floor of theoven, substantially as described. V

4. A coke-oven having a stack, a main iiue disposed centrally andtransversely beneath the i'loor of the oven and in communication withthe stack at one end and piercing the front Wall of the oven andcommunicating with the outside air at the other end, other iiues atopposite sides of the main ilue and in communication therewith, andexterior upstanding iiues having their upper ends piercing the wall ofthe oven with their lower ends in communication with the tlues at theopposite sides of the main flue, said upstanding iiues being located atopposite sides of th'e main ilue and at the front and back of the oven,substantially as described.

' 5. A coke-oven having a stack, a main flue communicating with thestack at one end and with the outer air at the other end, a plurality ofsubstantially radial lues beneath the iioor communicating with the mainflue, other tlues connecting the radial lines, and one or moreupstanding ilues communicating with the interior of the oven and withthe tlues beneath the tloor of the oven, substantially as described. Y f

6. A coke-oven having a stack, a central transverse main flue disposedbeneath the floor and communicating with the stack at- IOO IIO

one end and with the outer air at the other end, substantially radialiues arranged beneath the floor and communicating with the main lue,transverse lines connecting the radial iiues and also communicating withthe main Hue, and upstanding lues com municating with the interior ofthe oven and with the flues beneath the door thereof, substantially asdescribed.

7. A coke-oven having a stack, a main flue arranged beneath the floorand communicating with the stack at one end and with the outer air atthe other, substantially radial flues, some of which communicate withthe main liue and others terminating short thereof, transverse fluesconn ectin g the radial lines and also communicating with the main flue,and upstanding flues communicating at their lower ends with the pointsof intersection of some of the radial lilies and the outermosttransverse flues, the upper ends of the upstanding lues being incommunication with the interior of the oven, substantially as described.

8. A coke-oven having la main central flue located beneath the floorthereof with its outer end piercing the front of the oven and providedwith a door, a stack in communication with the rear end of the mainliuc, other flues beneath the floor at opposite sides of and incommunication with the main liue, and dues communicating fromtheinterior of the oven to the lues beneath the floor, substantially asdescribed. i

9. A coke-oven having acharging-opening at the top thereof, a door inthe front of the oven for withdrawing the coke, a stack located in rearof 'the oven, a main flue located centrally below the floor of the ovenwith its front end piercing the front of the ovenwall and its rear endin communication with the stack, a damper-door for the front end of theflue, substantially radial ues at opposite sides of and in communicationwith the main flue and permitting the products of combustion to passdirectly to the stack, other radial fines terminated short of the mainflue, transverse lines connecting the radial lues4 and also incommunication with the main fine, and independent upstanding flues uponthe exterior of the oven-wall with their upper ends piercing theoven-wall for communication with the interior of the oven and theirlower ends in communication with the flues beneath the lioor at thepoints of intersection between the outermost transverse ues and thoseradial iues which terminate short of the main ue, the upstanding luesbeing located at opposite sides of the main flue and `at the front andrear ot' the oven, substan tially as described.

10. A coke-oven having flues beneath the floor thereof, an upright fluelocated exteriorly of the oven to reinforce the same, with its upper endin communication with the interior of the oven and its lower endcommunicating with the ues beneath the floor, and

'maeva upright liues exteriorly of the oven to reinforce the same andconforming to the shape thereof,the upper end of each flue being bowedinwardly and piercing the dome of the oven, with the lower end of theliuc in communica tion with the ues beneath the floor, and a removableplate closing the upper rounded portion of the flue which is exterior ofthe oven, substantially as described.

12. A coke-oven having a dome, flues beneath the floor thereof,independent upstanding exterior lues having their upper ends piercingthe dome below the charging-opem ing and their lower ends incommunication with the fines beneath the lloor, said upstanding flueshaving their inner walls built against and following the curvature ofthe outside wall and dome of the oven, substantially as described.

13. A coke-oven having lines beneath the door thereof, independentupstanding exterior tlues having their upper ends piercing the oven-wallat the top below the chargingopening and their lower ends in communication with the liues beneath the floor, said upstanding flues havingtheir inner walls fitted against and following the curvature of theoutside wall of the oven, the top of the lues extending above the ovenand covered by a removable closure, substantially as described.

14. A coke-oven having a stack, flues beneath the floor thereof, saidflues being composed of a main flue, communicating with the stack andprovided with a longitudinal partition, one end of the main line beingin communication with the outer air, and a series ot' radial andconcentric iues on each side of the main flue and communicatingtherewith.

15. A coke-oven having a charging-opening at the top thereof, a door inthe front of the oven for withdrawing the coke, a stack located in rearof the oven, a main liue located centrally below the floor of the ovenwith its front end piercing the front of the oven-wall and its rear endin communication with the stack, a damper-door for the front end of theflue, substantially radial liues communicating with the main flue, andindependent upstanding lues upon the exterior of the ovenwall with theirupper ends piercing the ovenwall for communication with the interior ofthe oven and their lower ends in communication with the iiues beneaththe loor, substantially as described.

16. A coke-oven having a dome-shaped top provided with a centralcharging-opening and a flue-opening piercing the dome and located belowthel charging-opening, lines beneath the floor, means to admit air tothe flues, a stack in communication with the flues, an upright lue builtupon the exterior of the oven to reinforce the same with its upper endreg- IOO IIO

istered with the fiue-opening of the dome and its lower end projectedbeneath the floor and in communication with the lues, said upright finesbeing adapted to expand and contract with the oven, and soil packedabout the oven and the upright flue and also upon the top of the dome,substantially as described.

17. A coke-oven having a dome-shaped top provided with a centralcharging-opening and a flue-opening piercing the dome below thecharging-opening, fines beneath the floor of the oven, means to admitair to the fines, a main discharge-flue extending from beneath the iioorto the exterior ofthe oven, a stack in communication with the main flue,a door for drawing the coke, an upright iiue built upon the exterior ofthe oven and conformv 'a stack, a centrally-arranged main ilue 1oing tothe shape of the same with its upper end registered with theflue-opening in the dome land its lower end extended beneath the floorand in communication with the dues, said upright ue being adapted toexpand and contract with the oven, and soil packed about the oven andthe iiues and also upon the top of the dome, substantially as described.

18. A coke-oven provided with a stack, a centrally-arranged main fluelocated beneath the fioor of the oven and piercing the front of thelatter and communicating at itsrear end with the stack and provided witha longitudinal partition extending from its front end to the stack, adoor arranged at the front end of the main iiue, other flues locatedbeneath the floor and communicating with the main flue at opposite sidesof the said partition, and upstanding lues communicating with theinterior of the oven and with the flues beneath the floor, substantiallyas deflue, upstanding ilues communicating with 1 the interior of theoven, and radial 'lues located beneath the floor of the oven andextending from the upstanding fines to the main flue to permit theproducts of combustion to pass directly to the stack,.su`bstan tially asdescribed.

20. A coke-oven provided at its back with cated beneath the ioor of theoven and extending from the front of thel latter to the stack andprovided with a longitudinal partition, means for controlling the draftthrough the main flue, exteriorly-arranged upstanding ues communicatingwith the interior of the oven, and bottom ues located beneaththe floorand extending from the exterior ilues tothe main flue to permittheproducts of combustion to pass directly from the upstanding fines to thestack, substantially as described.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I have hereto affixedmy signature in the presence of two Witnesses.

GEORGE SHARPE RAMSAY.

Witnesses:

C. J. RENWICK,

D. J. DRIsooLL.

